![]() ![]() The study also shows that variations in carbon-dioxide storage in the Southern Ocean were probably behind a series of natural “wobbles” in atmospheric levels of about 20 parts per million that took place over thousands of years. The evidence “is a long-sought smoking gun that there was increased deep ocean carbon storage when the atmospheric CO 2 was lower,” said Sam Jaccard of the University of Bern, Switzerland, the study’s lead author.Ĭoauthor Robert Anderson, a geochemist at Columbia University’s Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, said the study “finally provides the long-sought direct evidence that extra carbon was trapped in the deep sea by the buildup of decaying organic matter from above.” He added, “It’s also clear that the buildup and release of CO 2 stored in the deep ocean during the ice age was driven by what was happening in the ocean around Antarctica.” Brighter colors indicate more oxygen dots show sites where researchers sampled sediments to measure past oxygen levels. Here, dissolved Southern Ocean bottom-water oxygen in modern times. ![]() Researchers have found that bottom waters of the Southern Ocean had very low levels of oxygen during the last ice age, indicating high uptake of carbon dioxide. The scientists found chemical fingerprints of the oxygen level by measuring trace metals in the sediments. As dead algae sank to the depths, they were consumed by other microbes, which used up the oxygen there in the process. This indicates that photosynthetic algae, or phytoplankton, were taking up large amounts of carbon dioxide near the surface. Sediment samples from the seafloor, more than 3 kilometers beneath the ocean surface near Antarctica, support a long-standing hypothesis that more carbon dioxide was dissolved in the deep Southern Ocean at times when levels in the atmosphere were low.Īmong other things, the study shows that during the ice age, the deep Southern Ocean carried much smaller amounts of oxygen than today. New research, published today in the leading journal Nature, shows that a big part of the answer lies at the bottom of the world. But despite decades of research, the reasons why levels of the greenhouse gas were so low then have been difficult to piece together. Twenty thousand years ago, when humans were still nomadic hunters and gatherers, low concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere allowed the earth to fall into the grip of an ice age. ![]()
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